e-bike Classes Explained: Class 1, 2, and 3

Most U.S. states, Arizona included, use a 3-class system to regulate electric bikes. The class determines top assisted speed, whether a throttle is allowed, and where the bike can legally ride. Here is the simple version.

Class 1

Pedal-assist only, with a maximum assisted speed of 20 mph. The motor only helps while you are pedaling and cuts out at 20 mph. No throttle.

• Pedal-assist only (no throttle)
• Max assisted speed: 20 mph
• Allowed on most bike paths, multi-use trails, and bike lanes
• Best for: riders who want a natural cycling feel with a boost

Class 2

Pedal-assist and throttle, both capped at 20 mph. The throttle lets you cruise without pedaling, handy for hills from a dead stop, or for riders who want to rest their legs.

• Pedal-assist AND throttle
• Max assisted speed: 20 mph (for both pedal-assist and throttle)
• Allowed in most of the same places as Class 1
• Best for: commuters, casual cruisers, and anyone who wants throttle-on-demand

Class 3

The fastest class. Pedal-assist goes up to 28 mph. Some Class 3 bikes also include a throttle, which is mechanically or digitally capped at 20 mph even though pedal assist keeps going to 28. Great for keeping pace with traffic on road commutes.

• Pedal-assist up to 28 mph
• Some models add a throttle, mechanically or digitally capped at 20 mph
• Often restricted from non-paved trails, check local rules
• Best for: longer commutes, faster riders, and hilly terrain

Which class is right for you?

If you mostly ride paved paths and want a gentle assist, Class 1 is plenty. If you want to skip the pedaling sometimes, go Class 2. If you commute on roads or want maximum speed, Class 3 is the move. The good news: you can test ride all three in our Scottsdale showroom and feel the difference for yourself.

Arizona-specific notes

Arizona follows the 3-class framework and treats Class 1 and 2 e-bikes like regular bicycles in most places. Class 3 has a 16+ age minimum to operate and is restricted on some unpaved paths. Always check signage on local trails, Scottsdale, Tempe, and Phoenix all have their own access rules.

Helmets

Required for Class 3 riders under 18. Strongly recommended for everyone. e-bikes are heavier and faster than regular bikes, head protection is non-negotiable.

Where you can ride

• Class 1 & 2: Most bike paths, lanes, and multi-use trails
• Class 3: Roads and bike lanes; restricted on many unpaved trails
• Always check trailhead signage in Scottsdale parks

Lights

Required after dark: a white front light visible from 500 feet and a red rear reflector or light. Most modern e-bikes come with integrated lights, use them even in daylight for visibility.

Riding under the influence

Arizona DUI law applies to e-bikes. Do not ride impaired.

Choosing a class for Scottsdale riding

For relaxed rides on greenbelts like the Indian Bend Wash and around Old Town, a Class 1 or Class 2 bike is usually the best fit. They are welcome on most paths, and 20 mph of assist is plenty for casual riding. If you plan to commute several miles on roads with bike lanes, a Class 3 bike can shorten your trip and help you keep up with traffic.

Think about where you will ride most, not just how fast you want to go. Some paths and trails restrict Class 3 bikes or e-bikes in general, so check local rules. Also consider who will ride the bike. Younger riders may face restrictions on Class 3 bikes.

Labels and modifications

Arizona requires e-bikes to carry a label showing the class, top assisted speed, and motor wattage. Modifying a bike to go faster than its class allows can change how the law treats it, void the warranty, and add stress to parts that were not designed for higher speeds. If you want more speed, it is better to choose a bike built for it.

Still not sure? Take our quiz or book a test ride to compare classes in person.

Class at a glance

• Class 1: pedal assist only, up to 20 mph. Allowed on most paths.
• Class 2: pedal assist and throttle, up to 20 mph. Great for easy starts.
• Class 3: pedal assist up to 28 mph, often without a throttle. Best for longer commutes on roads.

Every class has its place. The right one depends on where you ride, how far you go, and how comfortable you are with speed.

Class labels make it easier to know where a bike can go. Read them before you buy, and ask us if you have questions about a specific path or route around Scottsdale.

Visit the shop

PedalJets is at 4390 N Miller Rd, Suite 101, in Scottsdale, open Tuesday through Saturday from 10 AM to 5 PM. Call (480) 440-1099 with questions, or stop by and talk with our team in person. We are always happy to help, whether you are buying your first e-bike or keeping a well-loved one on the road.